ojs2 has produced an error
Message: WARNING: Invalid argument supplied for foreach()
In file: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/Core.inc.php
At line: 149
Stacktrace:
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/Core.inc.php line 149
Function: PKPApplication->errorHandler(2, "Invalid argument supplied for foreach()", "/home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/Core.inc.php", 149, Array(6))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPRequest.inc.php line 463
Function: Core->isUserAgentBot("Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)")
File: /home/jab1/public_html/plugins/generic/usageEvent/UsageEventPlugin.inc.php line 353
Function: PKPRequest->isBot()
File: /home/jab1/public_html/plugins/generic/usageEvent/UsageEventPlugin.inc.php line 106
Function: UsageEventPlugin->_buildUsageEvent("TemplateManager::display", Array(5))
File: (unknown) line (unknown)
Function: UsageEventPlugin->getUsageEvent("TemplateManager::display", Array(5))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/plugins/HookRegistry.inc.php line 89
Function: call_user_func(Array(2), "TemplateManager::display", Array(5))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/template/PKPTemplateManager.inc.php line 332
Function: HookRegistry->call("TemplateManager::display", Array(5))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/pages/article/ArticleHandler.inc.php line 224
Function: PKPTemplateManager->display("article/article.tpl")
File: (unknown) line (unknown)
Function: ArticleHandler->view(Array(2), Object(Request))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPRouter.inc.php line 362
Function: call_user_func(Array(2), Array(2), Object(Request))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPPageRouter.inc.php line 220
Function: PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest(Array(2), Object(Request), Array(2), False)
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/Dispatcher.inc.php line 134
Function: PKPPageRouter->route(Object(Request))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPApplication.inc.php line 178
Function: Dispatcher->dispatch(Object(Request))
File: /home/jab1/public_html/index.php line 64
Function: PKPApplication->execute()
Server info:
OS: Linux
PHP Version: 5.6.40-38+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
Apache Version: N/A
DB Driver: mysql
DB server version: 5.7.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-log
The Effect of Cognitive Style and Sponsorship Bias on The Treatment of Opportunity Costs in Resources Allocation Decisions | Alfian | Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis
The Effect of Cognitive Style and Sponsorship Bias on The Treatment of Opportunity Costs in Resources Allocation Decisions
H Alfian
##article.abstract##
The current research seeks to identify factors that may potentially influence the way managers respond to opportunity costs when relevant data are not explicitly provided. Identification of such factors should enhance our understanding of why some managers respond to opportunity costs in ways that may be inconsistent with normative economic theory. This information could then be used to identify those situations in which structural and procedural precautions are necessary to correct limitations and biases in human information processing and so ensure the correct treatment of opportunity costs. Disability of individual processes of perception dimension of Jungs’ typology on research of Chenhall and Morris (1991) to explain difference of managers’ way to making decision, lead us to research questions are: first, which cognitive style combination have a proclivity to incorporate implicit opportunity costs in their economic analysis? Second, used of two dimensions of cognitive style, will project sponsorship encourage managers to ignore negative economic signals derived from opportunity costs that are nevertheless relevant to the resource allocation decision? A laboratory experiment with 2x4 factorial designs was used to investigating the effect of cognitive style on the managers’ decision of opportunity costs in situation of absence sponsorship or not. The results indicated that intuitive managers tended to incorporate opportunity costs in their decisions whereas sensation individuals appeared to focus more on the directness of the relationship between expenditure and a project to determine the relevance of the cost. Opportunity cost implications tended not to be identified by the sensation group. Evidence was found that sponsorship moderated the influence of cognitive style on decision to include opportunity costs.
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis (JAB) ISSN 1412-0852 (print), 2580-5444 (online) Published by Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE session_id = nkqr21v3e6nt5al70nq4rdlm30
Speed: 2.190 ms
INSERT INTO sessions
(session_id, ip_address, user_agent, created, last_used, remember, data, domain)
VALUES
(nkqr21v3e6nt5al70nq4rdlm30, 18.191.154.132, Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com), 1732772426, 1732772426, 0, , jab1.fe.uns.ac.id
Speed: 10.329 ms
SELECT * FROM journals WHERE path = ja
Speed: 1.310 ms
Speed: 1.037 ms
Speed: 3.430 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = plugins.generic.pln.classes.tasks.Depositor
Speed: 1.043 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = plugins.generic.usageStats.UsageStatsLoader
Speed: 0.884 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender
Speed: 0.787 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender
Speed: 0.960 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = classes.tasks.ReviewReminder
Speed: 0.771 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = classes.tasks.SubscriptionExpiryReminder
Speed: 0.763 ms
SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = classes.tasks.OpenAccessNotification
Speed: 0.884 ms
SELECT pa.*,
a.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_articles pa
INNER JOIN articles a ON pa.article_id = a.article_id
LEFT JOIN sections s ON s.section_id = a.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (s.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = title AND stpl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (s.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = title AND stl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (s.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = abbrev AND sapl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (s.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = abbrev AND sal.locale = en_US) INNER JOIN article_settings ast ON a.article_id = ast.article_id
WHERE ast.setting_name = pub-id::publisher-id AND ast.setting_value = 89
Speed: 2.425 ms
SELECT pa.*,
a.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_articles pa,
articles a
LEFT JOIN sections s ON s.section_id = a.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (s.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = title AND stpl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (s.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = title AND stl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (s.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = abbrev AND sapl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (s.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = abbrev AND sal.locale = en_US)
WHERE pa.article_id = a.article_id
AND a.article_id = 89
Speed: 1.765 ms
Speed: 1.099 ms
SELECT * FROM article_settings WHERE article_id = 89
Speed: 1.091 ms
Speed: 1.026 ms
SELECT i.* FROM issues i WHERE issue_id = 11
Speed: 1.068 ms
SELECT * FROM issue_settings WHERE issue_id = 11
Speed: 0.935 ms
SELECT iss.subscription_id
FROM
institutional_subscriptions iss,
subscriptions s,
subscription_types st
WHERE POSITION(UPPER(LPAD(iss.domain, LENGTH(iss.domain)+1, '.')) IN UPPER(LPAD(ec2-18-191-154-132.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com, LENGTH(ec2-18-191-154-132.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com)+1, '.'))) != 0
AND iss.domain != ''
AND iss.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
Speed: 2.047 ms
SELECT isip.subscription_id
FROM
institutional_subscription_ip isip,
subscriptions s,
subscription_types st
WHERE ((isip.ip_end IS NOT NULL
AND 314546820 >= isip.ip_start AND 314546820 <= isip.ip_end
AND isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND s.type_id = st.type_id
AND st.institutional = 1 AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-11-28 12:40:26' >= s.date_start AND '2024-11-28 12:40:26' <= s.date_end))) AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17))
OR (isip.ip_end IS NULL
AND 314546820 = isip.ip_start
AND isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.842 ms
SELECT * FROM sections WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 1.326 ms
SELECT * FROM section_settings WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 1.215 ms
SELECT * FROM sections WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 1.250 ms
SELECT * FROM section_settings WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 1.251 ms
SELECT g.*,
af.file_name, af.original_file_name, af.file_stage, af.file_type, af.file_size, af.date_uploaded, af.date_modified
FROM article_galleys g
LEFT JOIN article_files af ON (g.file_id = af.file_id)
INNER JOIN articles a ON a.article_id = g.article_id
LEFT JOIN published_articles pa ON g.article_id = pa.article_id INNER JOIN article_galley_settings gs ON g.galley_id = gs.galley_id
WHERE gs.setting_name = pub-id::publisher-id AND gs.setting_value = 0 AND g.article_id = 89
Speed: 2.657 ms
SELECT g.*,
a.file_name, a.original_file_name, a.file_stage, a.file_type, a.file_size, a.date_uploaded, a.date_modified
FROM article_galleys g
LEFT JOIN article_files a ON (g.file_id = a.file_id)
WHERE g.galley_id = 0 AND g.article_id = 89
Speed: 1.334 ms
SELECT pa.*,
a.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_articles pa
INNER JOIN articles a ON pa.article_id = a.article_id
LEFT JOIN sections s ON s.section_id = a.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (s.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = title AND stpl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (s.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = title AND stl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (s.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = abbrev AND sapl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (s.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = abbrev AND sal.locale = en_US) INNER JOIN article_settings ast ON a.article_id = ast.article_id
WHERE ast.setting_name = pub-id::publisher-id AND ast.setting_value = 89
Speed: 1.779 ms
SELECT pa.*,
a.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_articles pa,
articles a
LEFT JOIN sections s ON s.section_id = a.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (s.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = title AND stpl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (s.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = title AND stl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (s.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = abbrev AND sapl.locale = en_US)
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (s.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = abbrev AND sal.locale = en_US)
WHERE pa.article_id = a.article_id
AND a.article_id = 89
Speed: 1.483 ms
Speed: 1.198 ms
SELECT * FROM article_settings WHERE article_id = 89
Speed: 1.177 ms
Speed: 1.101 ms
SELECT iss.subscription_id
FROM
institutional_subscriptions iss,
subscriptions s,
subscription_types st
WHERE POSITION(UPPER(LPAD(iss.domain, LENGTH(iss.domain)+1, '.')) IN UPPER(LPAD(ec2-18-191-154-132.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com, LENGTH(ec2-18-191-154-132.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com)+1, '.'))) != 0
AND iss.domain != ''
AND iss.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.153 ms
SELECT isip.subscription_id
FROM
institutional_subscription_ip isip,
subscriptions s,
subscription_types st
WHERE ((isip.ip_end IS NOT NULL
AND 314546820 >= isip.ip_start AND 314546820 <= isip.ip_end
AND isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND s.type_id = st.type_id
AND st.institutional = 1 AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-11-28 12:40:26' >= s.date_start AND '2024-11-28 12:40:26' <= s.date_end))) AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17))
OR (isip.ip_end IS NULL
AND 314546820 = isip.ip_start
AND isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id
AND s.journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.184 ms
SELECT *
FROM citations
WHERE assoc_type = 257 AND assoc_id = 89 AND citation_state >= 0 AND citation_state <= 5
Speed: 1.201 ms
SELECT * FROM sections WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 0.842 ms
SELECT * FROM section_settings WHERE section_id = 1
Speed: 0.854 ms
Speed: 2.541 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block visitor AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.157 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = block visitor AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.160 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block visitor AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.939 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block indexed AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.910 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = block indexed AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.852 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block indexed AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.991 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block issn AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.900 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = block issn AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.939 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block issn AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.909 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block template AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.883 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = block template AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.832 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = block template AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.876 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = menu bar AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.970 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = menu bar AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.884 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = menu bar AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.989 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = plagiat checker AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.989 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = plagiat checker AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.950 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = plagiat checker AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.934 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = member block AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.928 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = member block AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.914 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = member block AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.007 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = references block AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.924 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = references block AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.890 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = references block AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.983 ms
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = sertifikat akreditasi AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 1.197 ms
UPDATE plugin_settings SET
setting_value = 1,
setting_type = bool
WHERE plugin_name = sertifikat akreditasi AND setting_name = enabled AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.957 ms
SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = sertifikat akreditasi AND journal_id = 1
Speed: 0.913 ms
Speed: 1.401 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 1.092 ms
Speed: 1.760 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 0.874 ms
Speed: 0.877 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 0.895 ms
Speed: 1.022 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 1.056 ms
Speed: 0.903 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 0.881 ms
Speed: 1.463 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 1.033 ms
Speed: 1.116 ms
SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = 129
Speed: 0.936 ms